BIET Jhansi

Definition
A computer is a programmable electronic device designed to recognize data, perform prescribed mathematical and rational operations at high speed, and screen the results of the operations, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptop computers, tablets and smartphones are some of the various types of pcs. An electronic machine which assists with solving problems efficiently. It solves problems according to instructions given to it by the computer user called programs or software. It is a digital machine(that uses binary digits) used in all field

Automation
Most humans have trouble with math. To show this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your mind. It really is hard to remember all the steps! People made tools to help them remember where they were in a mathematics problem. The other problem people have is that they need to do the same problem again and again and once more. A cashier needed to make change every day in her head or with a bit of paper. That got lots of time and made errors. So, people made calculators that does those same things again and again. This part of computer record is called the "history of automatic calculation," which is a fancy word for "the history of machines that make it possible for me to get this done same maths problem again and again without making blunders."The abacus, the glide rule, the astrolabe and the Antikythera device (which schedules from about 150-100 BC) are examples of automated computation machines.

Programming
People do not want a machine that could do the same thing again and again. For instance, a music package is a machine that performs the same music again and again. Some people wanted to be able to tell their machine to do various things. For instance, they wanted to tell the music field to experiment with different music each and every time. They wanted to have the ability to program the music box- to order the music container to experience different music. This part of computer history is named the "history of programmable machines" which really is a fancy saying for "The annals of machines that I can order to do various things if I know how to speak their terms."Among the first examples of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 Advertising). He built a mechanical theater which performed a play enduring 10 minutes and was operated by a sophisticated system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the dialect of the machine- they advised what the machine did so when. Some people argue that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree which early on machines are "pcs". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock developed by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The length of night and day could be changed every day in order to take into account the changing lengths of night and day throughout the year. Some count number this daily modification as computer programming.Others say the first computer was created by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is known as to be the first programmer.

The Processing Era
By the end of the Middle Age range, people in European countries thought math and anatomist were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. These were not modern pcs because they could only add, subtract, and multiply- you could not change what they do to make them do something like play Tetris. As a result of this, we say these were not programmable. Now engineers use computers to create and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched paper cards to share his textile loom what kind of pattern to weave. He might use punch cards to share with the loom how to proceed, and he could change the punch cards, this means he could program the loom to weave the design he wanted. This means the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make a similar machine which could compute. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage did not have enough money and always modified his design when he previously a much better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine unit.As time continued, computers were used more. People get bored to death easily doing a similar thing again and again. Imagine spending your daily life writing things down on index cards, storing them, and then needing to go see them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 got hundreds of people doing just that. It had been expensive, and records took a long time. Then an engineer worked out how to make machines do a lot of the work. Herman Hollerith created a tabulating machine that would automatically accumulate information that the Census bureau accumulated. The Computing Tabulating Recording Organization (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines rather than selling them. Makers of machines experienced long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's technical support was especially good.Because of machines like this, new means of talking to these machines were invented, and new types of machines were created, and finally the computer as we know it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
Within the first 50 percent of the 20th century, scientists started using computers, usually because scientists experienced a lot of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about technology questions instead of expending hours adding numbers collectively. For example, if they had to establish a rocket ship, they needed to do a whole lot of math to make sure the rocket did the trick right. So they come up with computers. These analog computers used analog circuits, which made them very difficult to program. In the 1930s, they created digital personal computers, and soon made them simpler to program. However this is not the case as much consecutive makes an attempt have been made to bring arithmetic reasoning to l3.Analogue computers are mechanised or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to regulate machines.