School of Information Technologies Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies

Definition
Your personal computer is a programmable digital camera designed to admit data, perform approved mathematical and reasonable operations at high speed, and display the results of the procedures, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptops, tablets and smartphones are a few of the several types of personal computers. An electric machine which helps in solving problems quickly and easily. It solves problems according to instructions directed at it by the computer user called programs or software. It really is a digital machine(that uses binary digits) found in all field

Automation
Most humans have a problem with math. Showing this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your mind. It really is hard to keep in mind all the steps! People made tools to help them bear in mind where they were in a math problem. The other problem folks have is that they need to do the same problem over and over and once more. A cashier were required to make change every day in her brain or with a piece of paper. That took lots of time and made blunders. So, people made calculators that do those same things again and again. This part of computer record is named the "history of automatic calculation," which is a fancy phrase for "the history of machines that make it easy for me to do this same maths problem over and over without making flaws."The abacus, the glide rule, the astrolabe and the Antikythera device (which times from about 150-100 BC) are examples of automated calculation machines.

Programming
People do not need a machine that would do a similar thing over and over again. For instance, a music box is a machine that takes on the same music over and over again. Some people wished to have the ability to tell their machine to do different things. For instance, they wished to inform the music pack that can be played different music each and every time. They wanted to be able to program the music package- to order the music container to play different music. This part of computer background is called the "history of programmable machines" which is a fancy expression for "The history of machines that I could order to do different things if I know how to speak their terminology."One of the first examples of this is built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 AD). He built a mechanised movie theater which performed a play sustained 10 minutes and was controlled by a complicated system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the language of the machine- they told what the device did and when. Some people dispute that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree on which early on machines are "computer systems". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The length of day and night could be modified every day to be able to take into account the changing measures of day and night throughout the year. Some count up this daily modification as computer programming.Others say the first computer was created by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is considered to be the first programmer.

The Processing Era
By the end of the Middle Age range, people in Europe thought math and engineering were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. These were not modern personal computers because they could only add, subtract, and multiply- you could not change what they did to make them do something like play Tetris. Because of this, we say they were not programmable. Now technical engineers use computers to design and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched paper cards in order to his textile loom what kind of routine to weave. He could use punch cards to tell the loom how to proceed, and he could change the punch cards, this means he could program the loom to weave the routine he wanted. This means the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make a similar machine that can compute. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage didn't have enough money and always improved his design when he had a much better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine motor.As time went on, computers were used more. People get bored stiff easily doing a similar thing over and over. Imagine spending your daily life writng down things on index cards, holding them, and then needing to go find them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 experienced hundreds of people doing just that. It had been expensive, and reviews took quite a while. Then an engineer exercised how to make machines execute a lot of the work. Herman Hollerith developed a tabulating machine that could automatically accumulate information that the Census bureau accumulated. The Processing Tabulating Recording Firm (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines instead of selling them. Designers of machines had long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's technology support was especially good.Because of machines like this, new ways of speaking with these machines were developed, and new types of machines were created, and finally the computer as we realize it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
Inside the first fifty percent of the 20th hundred years, scientists began using computers, mainly because scientists experienced a whole lot of math to determine and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about knowledge questions instead of expending hours adding numbers together. For example, if they had to start a rocket dispatch, they needed to do a whole lot of math to be sure the rocket worked well right. So they put together computer systems. These analog computer systems used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. Within the 1930s, they developed digital computers, and soon made them easier to program. Financial firms false as many consecutive endeavors have been designed to bring arithmetic logic to l3.Analogue computers are mechanical or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to control machines.