Structural Engineering Civil Engineering Informatics « Civil Engineering

Definition
A computer is a programmable digital camera designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and reasonable operations at broadband, and screen the results of the procedures, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptops, tablets and smartphones are a few of different types of computers. An electronic machine which assists with solving problems quickly and easily. It solves problems matching to instructions directed at it by the computer consumer called programs or software. It is an electronic machine(that uses binary digits) used in all field

Automation
Most humans have a problem with math. Showing this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your mind. It is hard to remember all the steps! People made tools to help them keep in mind where these were in a mathematics problem. The other problem folks have is that they need to do the same problem over and over and once more. A cashier was required to make change every day in her brain or with a piece of paper. That needed lots of time and made blunders. So, people made calculators that performed those same things again and again. This part of computer background is called the "history of automated calculation," which is a fancy saying for "the history of machines which make it easy for me to do this same maths problem over and over without making flaws."The abacus, the slip guideline, the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which times from about 150-100 BC) are examples of automated computation machines.

Programming
People do not want a machine that could do a similar thing again and again. For instance, a music pack is a machine that plays the same music again and again. Some people wanted to have the ability to inform their machine to do various things. For instance, they wanted to tell the music box that can be played different music each time. They wanted to have the ability to program the music container- to order the music package to experience different music. This part of computer background is called the "history of programmable machines" which is a fancy key phrase for "The history of machines that I could order to do different things if I know how to speak their terms."One of the first examples of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 AD). He built a mechanised theater which performed a play prolonged ten minutes and was operated by a intricate system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the words of the machine- they informed what the device did so when. Some people claim that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree which early on machines are "computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock created by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The distance of night and day could be modified every day in order to account for the changing lengths of night and day over summer and winter. Some count this daily adjustment as computer programming.Others say the first computer was created by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is known as to be the first programmer.

The Processing Era
At the end of the Middle Ages, people in Europe thought math and engineering were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanised calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. These were not modern personal computers because they could only add, subtract, and increase- you cannot change what they have to make them take action like play Tetris. Because of this, we say these were not programmable. Now technicians use computers to design and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched newspaper cards to see his textile loom the type of style to weave. He might use punch cards to share with the loom what to do, and he could change the punch cards, this means he could program the loom to weave the design he wanted. This means the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make a similar machine that may analyze. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage didn't have enough money and always changed his design when he previously an improved idea, he never built his Analytical Engine.As time went on, personal computers were used more. People get weary easily doing the same thing again and again. Imagine spending your life writng down things on index cards, keeping them, and then having to go see them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 had hundreds of people doing that. It was expensive, and reports took a long time. Then an engineer exercised how to make machines do a lot of the task. Herman Hollerith created a tabulating machine that would automatically accumulate information that the Census bureau collected. The Processing Tabulating Recording Organization (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines rather than selling them. Manufacturers of machines experienced long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's technical support was especially good.Because of machines like this, new means of talking to these machines were developed, and new types of machines were created, and finally the computer as we know it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
In the first 1 / 2 of the 20th century, scientists started out using computers, largely because scientists acquired a great deal of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their own time thinking about science questions rather than expending hours adding numbers mutually. For example, if they had to unveiling a rocket dispatch, they had a need to do a lot of math to make certain the rocket proved helpful right. So they put together pcs. These analog computers used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. Inside the 1930s, they developed digital computers, and soon made them much easier to program. Financial firms not the case as many consecutive efforts have been made to bring arithmetic logic to l3.Analogue computer systems are mechanical or gadgets which solve problems. some are being used to regulate machines.