Civil and Environmental Engineering Administration and support services Imperial College London

Definition
Some type of computer is a programmable electronic device designed to acknowledge data, perform prescribed mathematical and reasonable operations at high speed, and screen the results of the functions, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptop computers, tablets and smartphones are some of different types of personal computers. An electronic machine which helps in solving problems efficiently. It solves problems relating to instructions directed at it by the computer individual called programs or software. It is an electronic machine(that uses binary digits) found in all field

Automation
Most humans have a problem with math. Showing this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your head. It is hard to keep in mind all the steps! People made tools to help them keep in mind where these were in a mathematics problem. The other problem people have is that they have to do the same problem again and again and once more. A cashier was required to make change every day in her brain or with a bit of paper. That required lots of time and made faults. So, people made calculators that do those same things over and over. This part of computer record is named the "history of robotic calculation," which is a fancy word for "the annals of machines which make it possible for me to get this done same maths problem again and again without making mistakes."The abacus, the slip guideline, the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which times from about 150-100 BC) are examples of automated calculation machines.

Programming
People do not want a machine that could do a similar thing over and over again. For example, a music pack is a machine that takes on the same music over and over again. Some people wished to be able to tell their machine to do various things. For example, they wanted to tell the music box that can be played different music each time. They wanted to be able to program the music pack- to order the music package to try out different music. This part of computer record is called the "history of programmable machines" which really is a fancy phrase for "The history of machines that I can order to do different things if I learn how to speak their terms."One of the first types of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 AD). He built a mechanical theatre which performed a play lasting ten minutes and was operated by a sophisticated system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the terminology of the machine- they advised what the machine did so when. Some people dispute that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree on which early machines are "personal computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock created by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The space of day and night could be fine-tuned every day to be able to account for the changing lengths of day and night throughout the year. Some count this daily modification as computer programming.Others say the first computer was made by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is known as to be the first programmer.

The Computing Era
At the end of the Middle Ages, people in Europe thought mathematics and executive were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. They were not modern personal computers because they could only add, subtract, and multiply- you cannot change what they have to make them do something like play Tetris. Because of this, we say these were not programmable. Now engineers use computers to design and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched newspaper cards to tell his textile loom the type of design to weave. He might use punch cards in order to the loom what to do, and he could change the punch cards, this means he could program the loom to weave the structure he wanted. This implies the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make an identical machine which could calculate. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage did not have enough money and always altered his design when he had a better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine unit.As time continued, computers were used more. People get bored to death easily doing the same thing over and over. Imagine spending your daily life writing things down on index credit cards, keeping them, and then having to go see them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 had hundreds of people doing that. It had been expensive, and reports took quite a while. Then an engineer worked out steps to make machines do a lot of the task. Herman Hollerith invented a tabulating machine that would automatically add up information that the Census bureau gathered. The Processing Tabulating Recording Company (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines instead of selling them. Makers of machines got long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's tech support was especially good.Because of machines like this, new ways of speaking with these machines were invented, and new types of machines were developed, and eventually the computer as we realize it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
Inside the first 50 % of the 20th century, scientists started using computers, usually because scientists possessed a great deal of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about technology questions instead of spending hours adding numbers jointly. For example, if they had to launch a rocket ship, they needed to do a whole lot of math to be sure the rocket worked well right. So they put together pcs. These analog pcs used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. In the 1930s, they invented digital computer systems, and soon made them better to program. Financial firms not the case as many consecutive endeavors have been made to bring arithmetic logic to l3.Analogue computers are mechanised or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to control machines.