QUALITY CONTROL OF CIVIL WORKS

Definition
A computer is a programmable electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and rational operations at high speed, and display the results of the procedures, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptops, tablets and smartphones are some of the various types of pcs. An electronic machine which assists with solving problems efficiently. It solves problems corresponding to instructions directed at it by the computer consumer called programs or software. It really is an electronic machine(that uses binary digits) used in all field

Automation
Most humans have a problem with math. Showing this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your head. It is hard to keep in mind all the steps! People made tools to help them remember where they were in a mathematics problem. The other problem folks have is that they need to do the same problem again and again and over again. A cashier needed to make change every day in her head or with a bit of paper. That required a lot of time and made errors. So, people made calculators that does those same things again and again. This part of computer record is named the "history of automated calculation," which really is a fancy saying for "the annals of machines which make it possible for me to do this same maths problem again and again without making flaws."The abacus, the slide rule, the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which schedules from about 150-100 BC) are types of automated computation machines.

Programming
People do not need a machine that could do the same thing over and over again. For example, a music box is a machine that performs the same music again and again. Some people wanted to be able to inform their machine to do different things. For example, they wanted to inform the music pack to learn different music every time. They wished to be able to program the music package- to order the music pack that can be played different music. This part of computer record is named the "history of programmable machines" which really is a fancy term for "The annals of machines that I can order to do various things if I learn how to speak their terms."One of the first examples of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 Advertisement). He built a mechanised theatre which performed a play prolonged ten minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the terms of the machine- they informed what the device did so when. Some people argue that is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree on which early machines are "personal computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock created by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The length of night and day could be fine-tuned every day to be able to take into account the changing lengths of day and night throughout the year. Some count this daily modification as computer programming.Others say the first computer was made by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is considered to be the first programmer.

The Computing Era
By the end of the Middle Age groups, people in European countries thought mathematics and executive were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. They were not modern computers because they could only add, subtract, and increase- you cannot change what they performed to make sure they are do something like play Tetris. Because of this, we say these were not programmable. Now designers use computers to create and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched paper cards to share his textile loom what kind of routine to weave. He might use punch cards to share with the loom what to do, and he could change the punch credit cards, which means he could program the loom to weave the structure he wanted. This implies the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wished to make a similar machine which could estimate. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage did not have enough money and always changed his design when he had an improved idea, he never built his Analytical Engine motor.As time continued, pcs were used more. People get bored stiff easily doing the same thing again and again. Imagine spending your life writing things down on index credit cards, stocking them, and then having to go find them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 had hundreds of folks doing just that. It had been expensive, and reports took quite a while. Then an engineer exercised how to make machines execute a lot of the task. Herman Hollerith developed a tabulating machine that could automatically add up information that the Census bureau collected. The Processing Tabulating Recording Firm (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines rather than selling them. Makers of machines possessed long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's tech support was especially good.Due to machines like this, new means of speaking with these machines were invented, and new types of machines were invented, and finally the computer as we know it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
Within the first 1 / 2 of the 20th century, scientists began using computers, mostly because scientists experienced a great deal of math to determine and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about science questions instead of spending hours adding numbers along. For example, if indeed they had to establish a rocket ship, they had a need to do a great deal of math to ensure the rocket proved helpful right. So they put together personal computers. These analog computer systems used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. In the 1930s, they created digital computer systems, and soon made them much easier to program. Financial firms not the case as much consecutive attempts have been designed to bring arithmetic reasoning to l3.Analogue computers are mechanical or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to regulate machines.