Postgraduate Students NUI Galway

Definition
A computer is a programmable electronic device designed to allow data, perform prescribed mathematical and rational operations at high speed, and screen the results of these businesses, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptop computers, tablets and smartphones are some of the different types of computers. An electric machine which assists with solving problems efficiently. It solves problems regarding to instructions given to it by the computer end user called programs or software. It is a digital machine(that uses binary digits) used in all field

Automation
Most humans have a problem with math. To show this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your head. It really is hard to remember all the steps! People made tools to help them keep in mind where these were in a math problem. The other problem folks have is that they have to do the same problem over and over and once more. A cashier was required to make change every day in her head or with a bit of paper. That got lots of time and made problems. So, people made calculators that does those same things again and again. This part of computer record is named the "history of robotic calculation," which really is a fancy phrase for "the history of machines that make it possible for me to do this same maths problem over and over without making faults."The abacus, the glide guideline, the astrolabe and the Antikythera device (which dates from about 150-100 BC) are types of automated calculation machines.

Programming
People do not need a machine that could do the same thing again and again. For instance, a music field is a machine that plays the same music over and over again. Some people wished to have the ability to tell their machine to do various things. For instance, they wished to inform the music field to try out different music each time. They wished to be able to program the music field- to order the music container to learn different music. This part of computer history is called the "history of programmable machines" which really is a fancy phrase for "The annals of machines that I could order to do various things if I know how to speak their terminology."One of the first types of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 AD). He built a mechanised movie theater which performed a play long lasting ten minutes and was controlled by a sophisticated system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the dialect of the machine- they advised what the device did so when. Some people argue that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree on which early on machines are "computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock developed by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The distance of night and day could be altered every day to be able to take into account the changing lengths of day and night over summer and winter. Some count number this daily adjustment as education.Others say the first computer was created by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is known as to be the first programmer.

The Computing Era
By the end of the center Age range, people in European countries thought math and anatomist were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. These were not modern computer systems because they could only add, subtract, and increase- you cannot change what they have to make them take action like play Tetris. Because of this, we say these were not programmable. Now technical engineers use computers to create and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched newspaper cards to share his textile loom the type of routine to weave. He might use punch cards to share with the loom what to do, and he could change the punch credit cards, this means he could program the loom to weave the style he wanted. This implies the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make an identical machine that can analyze. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage did not can pay for and always transformed his design when he previously a better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine unit.As time went on, pcs were used more. People get bored stiff easily doing a similar thing over and over. Imagine spending your daily life writng down things on index cards, stocking them, and then having to go find them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 had hundreds of people doing just that. It had been expensive, and information took quite a while. Then an engineer worked out how to make machines do a lot of the task. Herman Hollerith invented a tabulating machine that would automatically add up information that the Census bureau collected. The Computing Tabulating Recording Organization (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines instead of selling them. Manufacturers of machines experienced long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's tech support was especially good.Due to machines like this, new ways of speaking with these machines were developed, and new types of machines were created, and eventually the computer as we realize it was created.

Analog and Digital Computers
In the first one half of the 20th century, scientists started out using computers, generally because scientists had a lot of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about research questions instead of expending hours adding numbers alongside one another. For example, if indeed they had to establish a rocket ship, they needed to do a lot of math to make certain the rocket worked well right. So they come up with computer systems. These analog computer systems used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. Within the 1930s, they developed digital computers, and soon made them better to program. Financial firms false as much consecutive efforts have been made to bring arithmetic reasoning to l3.Analogue personal computers are mechanical or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to regulate machines.