Structural Engineering Civil Engineering Informatics « Civil Engineering

Definition
Your personal computer is a programmable electronic device designed to agree to data, perform prescribed mathematical and reasonable operations at high speed, and screen the results of the functions, all under the control of software. Mainframes, desktop and laptops, tablets and smartphones are some of the various types of pcs. An electric machine which helps in solving problems quickly and easily. It solves problems relating to instructions given to it by the computer consumer called programs or software. It really is an electronic machine(that uses binary digits) found in all field

Automation
Most humans have trouble with math. To show this, try doing 584 x 3,220 in your mind. It really is hard to remember all the steps! People made tools to help them remember where they were in a math problem. The other problem people have is that they have to do the same problem over and over and over again. A cashier had to make change every day in her mind or with a piece of paper. That got a lot of time and made flaws. So, people made calculators that did those same things again and again. This part of computer history is named the "history of robotic calculation," which is a fancy term for "the annals of machines that make it easy for me to do this same maths problem again and again without making faults."The abacus, the slide rule, the astrolabe and the Antikythera system (which dates from about 150-100 BC) are types of automated computation machines.

Programming
People do not want a machine that could do a similar thing over and over again. For instance, a music pack is a machine that performs the same music over and over again. Some people wanted to be able to notify their machine to do different things. For example, they wished to tell the music container that can be played different music each and every time. They wanted to be able to program the music pack- to order the music package to play different music. This part of computer history is called the "history of programmable machines" which is a fancy phrase for "The history of machines that I can order to do various things if I know how to speak their vocabulary."One of the first types of this is built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10-70 Advertising). He built a mechanical theater which performed a play sustained ten minutes and was controlled by a complex system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the vocabulary of the machine- they advised what the machine did and when. Some people claim that this is the first programmable machine.Historians disagree on which early machines are "computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock created by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The distance of night and day could be modified every day to be able to take into account the changing lengths of night and day over summer and winter. Some count number this daily adjustment as education.Others say the first computer was created by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is known as to be the first programmer.

The Processing Era
At the end of the center Ages, people in European countries thought math and engineering were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. These were not modern computer systems because they could only add, subtract, and increase- you could not change what they do to make sure they are take action like play Tetris. As a result of this, we say these were not programmable. Now technicians use computers to create and plan.In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched paper cards to tell his textile loom the type of structure to weave. He might use punch cards in order to the loom how to proceed, and he could change the punch credit cards, which means he could program the loom to weave the pattern he wanted. This means the loom was programmable.Charles Babbage wanted to make an identical machine that may analyze. He called it "The Analytical Engine".[8] Because Babbage did not can pay for and always altered his design when he had a better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine motor.As time went on, computers were used more. People get bored stiff easily doing the same thing over and over. Imagine spending your daily life writng down things on index credit cards, stocking them, and then having to go see them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 possessed hundreds of people doing just that. It was expensive, and reviews took quite a while. Then an engineer worked out steps to make machines do a lot of the work. Herman Hollerith developed a tabulating machine that could automatically accumulate information that the Census bureau collected. The Processing Tabulating Recording Corporation (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines rather than selling them. Manufacturers of machines had long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's technology support was especially good.Because of machines like this, new ways of speaking with these machines were developed, and new types of machines were developed, and finally the computer as we realize it was born.

Analog and Digital Computers
Inside the first half of the 20th hundred years, scientists began using computers, typically because scientists experienced a lot of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about research questions instead of spending hours adding numbers along. For example, if they had to start a rocket dispatch, they needed to do a great deal of math to make sure the rocket performed right. So they come up with computers. These analog pcs used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. Within the 1930s, they developed digital computer systems, and soon made them easier to program. Financial firms not the case as many consecutive attempts have been made to bring arithmetic logic to l3.Analogue personal computers are mechanised or gadgets which solve problems. some are used to control machines.